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| Seaweeds fight gum disease bacteria. |
Researchers from Korea’s Silla University have determined that many seaweed extracts inhibit bacteria known to cause gingivitis and gum disease.
The researchers tested 57 different species of seaweeds harvested from the coast of South Korea. The research screened each of the extract of these seaweeds against the gum disease-causing bacteria Prevotella intermedia and Porphyromonas gingivalis. They found that nearly a third of the seaweed extracts – 17 different species - inhibited the growth and colonization of these pathogenic bacteria.
Multiple seaweed extracts halted bacteria growth
Extracts from two forms of Sea Lettuce, Enteromorpha linza and Ulva pertusa, along with Sargassum (Sargassum sagamianum) were found to significantly block the growth of both P. intermedia and P. gingivalis.They determined that one of the major mechanisms of this inhibitory effect against oral bacteria was their ability to block collagenase enzymes that allow these bacteria to expand and grow.
Phenolic content mechanism
The researchers determined that the phenolic content of these seaweeds was the primary component inducing their antibacterial effects. Isolated phenols were then tested directly against the oral bacteria and these proved lethal to the bacteria.Oral bacteria are the cause of gum disease. Gingivitis and periodontal disease take place as these bacteria build up in the gumline. As their populations increase, pockets form in the gums. The waste products of these bacteria are also extremely acidic, and they erode the enamel and produce tooth decay.
Worse, these bacteria also produce waste streams that can leak through the gums and pollute our blood vessels. This can produce artery disease and significant damage to the heart.
Previous research had similar findings
This study confirms 2011 research from Korea's CHA University in Kyonggi. In this study, Enteromorpha linza was found to significantly inhibit plaque, gingivitis and bleeding on probing. A mouthwash using the seaweed extract was found to significantly reduce the P. intermedia and P. gingivalis bacteria as well.The effects of the seaweed mouthwash were similar to those found in commercial mouthwashes.
Problems with antiseptic mouthwashes
The reason why commercial antibacterial mouthwashes are not suggested by many natural health experts is that most act almost like antibiotics, wiping out all the mouth’s probiotic bacteria along with pathogenic bacteria. This “clean slate” allows the pathogenic bacteria to grow back again, often in stronger and more resistant populations.Natural antibacterial agents like seaweeds produce a more selective antibacterial effect by stopping many pathogenic bacteria while leaving intact the beneficial oral bacteria.
This is because most of these seaweeds also contain long-chain polysaccharides that provide prebiotics – food for probiotics. These prebiotics are important because they encourage the growth of the bacteria that control the growth of pathogenic gingivitis bacteria on an ongoing basis.
REFERENCES:
Choi JS, Ha YM, Joo CU, Cho KK, Kim SJ, Choi IS. Inhibition of oral pathogens and collagenase activity by seaweed extracts. J Environ Biol. 2012 Jan;33(1):115-21.
Cho HB, Lee HH, Lee OH, Choi HS, Choi JS, Lee BY. Clinical and microbial evaluation of the effects on gingivitis of a mouth rinse containing an Enteromorpha linza extract. J Med Food. 2011 Dec;14(12):1670-6.